Time Machine Trip to March 1911

Hello Fellow Time Travelers,

Well it’s time to fire up the old “Time Machine Chair” and travel back in time to March of 1911.

For today’s trip Don Rademacher will be sitting in the front seat operating the Time Machine.  The big wheel is spinning, the years are clicking back and in no time we are back on East Second Street on Kaukauna’s Southside.

• Kaukauna Drug Co. purchased by Otto A. Look
• Horse frightened by a car results in upset rig.
• Kaukauna girls’ basketball team wins 4-2

Charlie has left the papers for us on the chair out front of the Times office.

Charles E. Raught – Owner, Editor & Publisher

Let’s see what’s in the news this month.

Your old newsman - Lyle Hansen

PS: If you have old pictures that you think I would be interested in please share them with me.

March 3, 1911

James Black had the misfortune to lose a valuable draft horse Monday which died very suddenly from some kind of disease-like paralysis. Mr. Black had refused an offer some time ago of $700 for the team, and this was the finest one of the pair. It died in less than an hour from the time it began to show symptoms of sickness.

The stock and going business of the Kaukauna Drug Co. has been taken over by Otto A. Look from F. M. Charlesworth. Mr. Look had been the general manager and pharmacist of the Southside store. He will operate both the north and south side operations. The store name will not change.

The life of little Arnold Doering of 6^th street was saved by Mr. Steffen, who pulled him to safety after he ran into the path of horses pulling a wagon in front of Helf’s store at the corner of Hendricks avenue and seventh street. Young Doering had been knocked to the ground by the horse and the wagon wheels were about to pass over him. 

March 10, 1911

The Kaukauna Girls' Basketball team of the High School came home from Brillion victorious, having captured a game from the girls' team there by the exceedingly close margin of 4 to 2.

March 17, 1911

Charles Freier has purchased the grocery stock of Charles Ristau, and they are busy with an inventory preparatory to his taking possession next week. Miss Lillian Ristau will remain forth present as clerk until Mr. Freier becomes acquainted with the trade.

“Boys” said the new minister to a group of youngsters playing marbles. “Can you show me the way to the printing office?”  “Sure”, said one and gave him directions.  The minister thought this would be a good time to deliver a message to them. “Don’t you know that it is gambling to play marbles? Come with me and I’ll show you the way to heaven.”  “Ah, cheez mister you didn’t even know the way to the printing office.”

March 24, 1911

Albert Paschen will soon take possession of the Eslien Building on Second Street, adjoining   the   Paschen Restaurant, and use the same for an ice cream and soda water parlor.

J. G. Fechter store on Wisconsin Avenue will be updated with a new modern front. A large plate glass display window will be placed on either side of the main entrance. The work being done on the store is by Julius J. Dreger. The new arrangement will give this popular establishment much better display for goods

The big mass of solid ice in Lake Winnebago is breaking up several weeks earlier than usual and much damage to summer cottages will result if a strong wind prevails as the ice would be piled high along the shore.

Ted De Groot, of Little Chute, expects the delivery of his Overland automobile this week.

March 31, 1911

While Fay and Earle Lambie were driving home on Lawe St., Tuesday afternoon, their horse became unmanageable. They were near the interurban right of way and the horse became frightened by a car. The rig was upset and the boys were thrown out. Quite a little damage was caused by the accident.

The government has issued orders to open the river for navigation on April 3. This is the earliest date for some time. Boat owners along the river have been in readiness for some several days. 

Time Machine Trip to March 1956

Hello Fellow Time Travelers,

It’s that time again to fire up the old “Time Machine Chair” and make a trip back in time.

Today Don Vander Velden is sitting in the driver’s seat. The big wheel is spinning and the years are clicking back. In no time we are back to Kaukauna’s south side.  We are out front of the Kaukauna Times on Main Avenue.

We are now in March of 1956.    

·         Police search for stolen dynamite caps

·         Kaukauna girl killed by her boyfriend

·         City nurse calls for polio questionnaires

For the music lovers, the top song on the Hit Parade this month is:

          Memories are Made of This – Dean Martin

 https://youtu.be/mv9PSkNkUfs

Carl Hansen, the publisher, has left the newspapers for us by the front door of the Kaukauna Times. Let’s see what’s in the news this month. 

Your old news man – Lyle

PS: Andy Rooney, I've learned.... That we should be glad God doesn't give us everything we ask for.

March 2, 1956

The total funds collected to date for the annual March of Dimes anti-polio campaign is $5,725.89 according to the campaign chairman Clarence Theis.

The Kaukauna Lions and Rotary Clubs are again girding themselves to do battle in athletic competition this time in bowling. The two teams are scheduled to hit head-on March 5 at the S&B. The Monday session will be the 12^th annual clash between the two teams.

March 7, 1956

Senior Charles Lieding has been named Uthrotar for the period of March 7 through the 28^th, according to the Supt. T. H. Boebel. Uthrotars are chosen by vote of the faculty from among senior boys.

The Kaukauna high school band will be among 11 schools attending the annual Fox River Valley music tournament at Green Bay West high school on April 28.  Director Elwood Bleick said the band will be entered in class A for the seventh consecutive year.

Daddy telephoned from the office and his three-year-old daughter answered the phone and in a feminine fashion rattled on and on. When she finally paused for breath, daddy asked her to call mama to the phone. “Wait”, said the little tyke, “I've got to say two more words”. “Okay” said daddy, “What are they?” “Goodbye” and she promptly cradled the receiver.

Continuing his drive to strengthen the front wall of the Green Bay Packers, head coach Lisle Blackborn, Thursday announced the signing of two linemen from Houston University-- Tackle, Lavill Isbell a 6-2, 225 pounds and Guard, William Schumacher at 5-11 and 215 pounds.

Kaukauna police late last week started an intense search for 25 dynamite caps reported stolen by the Lehrer brothers on March 2. Previously about 15 pounds of dynamite had been found by police in the vicinity of 15th and 16th St. on Kaukauna South side. An investigation revealed that Lehrer’s shed had apparently been broken into and the dynamite and caps were among the missing items. Sgt. Oscar Jahns of the police department reports that most of the dynamite, believed to have been stolen has been recovered.

March 9, 1956

Awards for Boy Scouts who achieved advancement were presented at a court of honor for Troop 31 at Holy Cross school activity room recently. Front row: Michael Nagan, Jim Jansen, Mark Rabideau, Ken Vande Hey, Peter Bachhuber, Roger Leick and Eugene DeGroot. Back row are Jack Verbeten, scout master, Lee Wachel, Gerald Rausch, Paul Nagan, assistant scoutmaster, Gerald Jakl, Harvey Huss, Pat Coleman, Dick Eslien assistant scoutmaster, and Robert Eslien.

The Kaukauna Galloping Ghost cagers Tuesday evening came within two points of accomplishing their mission of spoiling the dedication of the Neenah gym as they were defeated 74-72 in the season finale for the Kaws and the Rockets in the Mid-Eastern conference as a whole.

March 14, 1956

Arthur H. Mongin, Jr., Kaukauna, was elected to a third term on the board of directors of the Green Bay Packers Football Corporation at the annual meeting this week.

Funeral services for Miss Teresa Vander Hurst, 18, Lawe Street, were held Tuesday at Holy Cross Church. A saddening group of 168 high school seniors, her classmates, attended. Miss Vander Hurst’s body had been found in a basement on W. 9th St., Sunday morning and 17-year-old Michael McCormick a Kaukauna boy, admitted that he struck her over the head with a shell casing Friday night. McCormick has been charged with second-degree murder. Miss Vander Hurst had been reported missing Friday evening. Her body was discovered by Chief of Police Harold Engerson, who was investigating the missing person report. 

March 21, 1956

Captain Raymond R. Roth, Kaukauna, has been awarded the Commendation Ribbon. Captain Roth received the decoration for demonstrating “superior performance as an officer at the Institute of Technology, United States Air Force Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.

At a recent meeting of the members of Kaukauna’s Junior Varsity basketball team, Neil Huss was elected honorary team captain for the 1955-56 campaign, according to an announcement by Harold Kobin, coach.

One Kaukauna youth, Gerald N. Green was included among the nine county men ordered to report for induction into the armed forces.

March 23, 1956

Featured on the Lions club boxing show scheduled for Saturday night at the KHS gym will be Dave Zwick, the Kaukauna heavyweight is scheduled to slug it out with the State Golden Gloves champion in the open division.

City nurse, Mrs. William Nagel this week reminded parents of grade school age youngsters who have not yet filled out and return the questionnaire regarding polio vaccinations to do so at their earliest convenience. 

Damage estimated at $12,000 resulted early evening from a fire in a warehouse at the Badger Tissue Mills. The blaze is thought to have originated from faulty wiring. The building is a one story frame warehouse located in the ruins of a former warehouse, which was destroyed in a fire in the 1890s. 

The second-degree murder trial of Michael McCormick, 17, in the death of Teresa Vander Horst opened at 9:30 AM Thursday, with Kaukauna police chief Harold Engerson called as the first witness. Defense attorney Allan Cain cross-examined the witnesses.

March 30, 1956

Don Lappen hit a 244 game and 634 series to top the members of the Monday Night South Side Businessmen’s bowling league at Verbeten’s Lanes. 

Time Machine Trip to March 1901

Hello Fellow Time Travelers,

Well it’s time to fire up the old “Time Machine Chair” and travel back in time to March of 1901

For today’s trip Debbie DeBruin will be sitting in the front seat operating the Time Machine. The big wheel is spinning, the years are clicking back and in no time we are back on East Second Street on Kaukauna’s Southside.

·         Julius Martens building a new store.     

·         Miss Emma Grignon has died

·         Ex-president Harrison has died.

Charles Raught - Editor Kaukauna Times

Charlie has left the papers on the chair out front of the Times building. Let’s see what’s in the news this month.

Your old newsman – Lyle Hansen 

PS: I have been watching the candidates’ debate. Just one time I’d like to see a liar’s pants catch on fire.

March 1, 1901

It is no unusual sight to see the drayman and iceman hauling a load of crystal to the back doors of different residences these days. Many of the citizens in town have run dry and housewife cries for ice, because she believes that cleanliness is next to Godliness.

Julius J. Martens Co. will commence erection of the 50 x 90 solid brick structure adjoining their present store. The front of the building will be red pressed brick and of the same design as the present building so that it will be one solid block.

Brakeman James Riley and James W. King were badly injured at Medina last week. The caboose in which they were riding jumped the track while the train was in motion and rolled over, tossing them around inside. King was brought to his home in this city, three ribs have been found broken and he is confined to bed. 

When Theodore Roosevelt was a little boy he and a playmate used to walk together to a private school. Their way took past a public school. One-day little Teddy appeared in a new sailor suit. This was too much for the public school boys. Teddy and his chum saw trouble ahead, came on with their fists clenched and the battle began. A few minutes later he and his companion where on their way somewhat less tidy than when they started, leaving behind them a tamed and lame bunch of surprised boys. For a week there were daily fights with the same results. One morning after an especially hard battle, Roosevelt said to his friend “Let’s go around the block and come back and fight ‘em again.”  

March 8, 1901

From present appearances it will be a case, this spring, of the office hunting the man and not the man the office. As to the mayoralty no one seems to want it. Mayor Kuehn says "once is enough for me" and refuses to be counted in for a second nomination.

Ms. Emma Grignon, age 42, passed peacefully away in the presence of her brothers and sisters, Tuesday morning. She is the daughter of Charles and Mary Grignon. Her parents were pioneer settlers of Kaukauna, her father having been born here in 1808. The Grignons are the oldest family in Kaukauna.

Signs of spring where apparently in evidence last Friday and Saturday but a sudden chill wave from the Arctic region came upon us Monday and Tuesday with the most disagreeable cold of the past winter. The thermometer indicated 2° below zero on Saturday.

The improvements which have been under way at the railroad Y. M. C. A. building or Thompson club for several months, were completed March 1. An open house was held music was furnished each evening by the Nugent-Chamberlain trio.

The four stained glass windows which were ordered in February of 1900 from Innsbruck, Austria, arrived here last week and have been set in place. Titles of the scenes represented are as follows: “The Ascension,” The Crucifixion,” “Christ Carrying the Cross” and “Christ Crowned with Thorns.” 

March 15, 1901

There was considerable excitement for a short time at the Hotel Faust fire Saturday morning when it became known that one of the boarders who occupied a room on the lower floor, Joe Coon, had not been aroused, and was still in the building. Learning of the predicament of his warm friend, Will Hogan, pulled his coat over his head and dashed into the burning building to save the life of his comrade.

There is some indefinite talk in Green Bay, of harnessing the water power at Wrightstown or Little Rapids and electricity transmitted to Green Bay for general use.

March 22, 1901

An eight-year-old child at Marinette has swollen to twice its natural size and the doctors are puzzled. He probably got too near a pail of water after eating dried apples.

Indianapolis Ind., March 18 – Escorted by three regiments of infantry and a battalion of artillery, the remains of ex-president Benjamin Harrison Saturday were taken from his home in N. Delaware St. to the state capital to remain in state until Saturday night.

March 29, 1901

George West's saloon on Lawe Street was entered by thieves some time after closing last Sunday night, and what change there was in the till stolen. A slot machine was also pried open and about $8.00 in nickels taken. The thieves then helped themselves to a lunch, wine and cigars, and left the same way they entered, through the rear door which was broken in.

Another evidence that Kaukauna is a convention city. The next meeting of the “Old Maids” convention will be held here. Our people may congratulate themselves on having this opportunity to welcome the delegates from all of the world representing the large and popular and greatly beloved class of old maids.

Another disastrous wreck occurred on the Chicago Northwestern railroad at Little Rapids Wednesday afternoon. The north bound afternoon passenger train which passes through Kaukauna at 2:17 was running at about 50 miles an hour and struck the head end of a freight which had blocked the siding at Little Rapids to allow the passenger to pass, the switch having been left open. When engineer Jones saw the open switch he shut off the steam and put on the brakes. He stayed at his post until the train collided and died in his cab. Ordinarily there were a few passengers on the train however, there were twenty members of the Lawrence University mandolin and Glee club of Appleton. They were aboard for a concert tour, many sustained injuries.

Time Machine Trip to March 1938

Hello Fellow Time Travelers,

It’s that time again to fire up the old “Time Machine Chair” and make trip back to March 1938.

The big wheel is spinning Dave Bruehl is taking his place in the driver’s seat. The years are clicking back and in no time we are back to Kaukauna’s south side.  We are out front of the Kaukauna Times on Main Street.     

• A deer spotted in Kaukauna area.

• Gustman Chevrolet sales moves to Lawe Street. 

• Jesse Owens world’s fastest human at Kimberly

The hit parade song of the month.

Thanks for the Memory - Bob Hope & Shirley Ross

https://youtu.be/Ilchc9Ojhv4

Carl Hansen, the publisher, has left the newspapers for us by the front door of the Kaukauna Times. Let’s see what’s in the news this month.

 

Your old news man – Lyle Hansen

PS: Congratulations Kaukauna Ghosts on your first State Basketball Championship.

March 2, 1938

The high school glee club candy sale netted a profit if $2.65. Due to the fact that there was not enough candy, another sale will be held in the near future.

Since Principal Olin G. Dryer will be leaving soon for Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to attend military school, members of the senior class are preparing for the graduation exercise which will be held early in June.

In a free throw contest held Friday for the members of the Girl’s Athletic association, first place was won by Anna Mae Nytes, who made 15 out of 25 shots. Second place went to Alice Thompson who made 13 and third when to Ivy Wagnitz making 12. 

Beginning this morning anyone driving a car without the new 1938 license plates will be arrested, according to Kaukauna police chief James E. McFadden.

Thomas Brenzel and Michael Niesz were named co-captains of this year St. Mary's grade school football team at a meeting held Tuesday evening at the school.

Kaukauna high school easily defeated Clintonville Friday evening 27-10 in a conference game at Clintonville. The game started slowly with each team making two buckets to end the first period at 4-4.  Truckers were unable to score in the second. While Kaukauna came up with two buckets lead 8-4 at the half. Alger of the Kaws was high point man for the evening with four baskets for eight points.

March 9, 1938

Many members of the Conservation club and other interested persons have been on the outlook for a deer which was seen along the banks of the Fox River below the sewage disposal plant over the weekend. It is unusual to see a deer in this vicinity.

March 11, 1938

The site of the first Methodist Church between Lake Michigan in the Pacific Ocean and north of a point 50 miles south of Chicago was marked at a ceremony at Kimberly Sunday afternoon at which members of the Outagamie County pioneer and historical society and prominent Methodist from this vicinity were present. The site of the church built in 1832 is on the field of the Kimberly-Clark mill at Kimberly and was discovered while studying early government surveys of this region in a search for more data on the old Grignon home in Kaukauna. An 1830 record showed a second group of Oneidas settled near the river at what is now Kimberly. Two years later Rev. John Clark was sent from New York, the chief Anthony John, called the Oneida tribe together and selected a site for a combined church and school. This was completed in two months. Rev. Clark formed a Methodist Society of 25 members and on Sunday, September 1, 1832 dedicated the church 24 x 30' in the dimensions. The following day a school with 30 children as pupils was opened under direction of Miss Electa Quinney, a Stockbridge teacher who taught Sunday school to adults and children as well. 

The largest crowd ever to attend a basketball game in Kaukauna witnessed the tournament at the gym Thursday. New London defeated Kaukauna 26 to 21 last night to go into the semi-finals in class B district basketball tournament. Kaukauna finished the conference season with four wins and eight losses. 

James E. McFadden, chief of police, wishes to warn children to refrain from playing marbles on the sidewalks about the city. This is a dangerous practice said the chief.

Within the next few days the city of Kaukauna will receive a check for $2,938 from the state which represents the city's share of state’s annual contribution to localities for the maintenance of local roads and streets. Kaukauna has 29.83 miles of streets. 

March 16, 1938

An ice block was experienced at the Konkopot Creek bridge over the weekend. The water from the creek overflowed the banks flooded across the highway at the baseball park. It was necessary to blast the ice on Sunday.  

  

March 25, 1938

The Gustman Chevrolet sales has purchased the William Van Lieshout garage and property at 222 Lawe Street. Moving operations are now in progress and a formal opening will be held on April 1, according to A. A. Gustman Pres. and manager. The new quarters will afford about twice as much space as the former garage on E. 3rd Street, Mr. Gustman said. Mr. Gustman has been in the garage business in Kaukauna during the last 10 years.

March 30, 1938

Jesse Owens, the world's fastest human and his all colored basketball team, will appear at the Kimberly clubhouse Friday evening, April 1 against the Kimberly AA cagers. The Kimberly team are winners of the state recreational tournament. Besides playing with his cage team Owens will personally conduct a special track clinic for the benefit of the coaches and athletes who may be interested.

The girls of Nicolet grade school defeated the girls at Park school in a hopscotch tournament held at the Nicolet school Monday afternoon. The tournament was staged under direction of Clifford H. Kemp, physical education director. The first place: sixth grade Betty Johnson, fifth grade Micky Rupert, fourth grade Joan Gates, third grade Joyce La Plante. 

The story of the new Germany, as he observed in 1936, was told to the Kiwanis Club in Chilton Tuesday night by Prof. John Stevenson of Lincoln High School, Manitowoc. Mr. Stevenson said that during his visit he was treated with every courtesy, cities, he said, were clean and slums are unknown. There were no beggars, no hungry people. The Germany of today is more like the Germany of old. He said, “Hitler will stay in power because he is the man of the hour and the most capable man in the country to do the job he's doing. He's a man of the people. Hitler is absolutely adored by every German under 30 years of age. Hitler has built colossal housing projects in some towns. Another service he has rendered has been to clean up crime. People are safe on any of the streets in Germany at any hour of the day or night.”  In attending a trial in which a woman pled guilty to having rode on a street car beyond the distance allowed, she was sentenced to a year and one half of hard labor because the judge said he could not determine how much revenue she had defrauded the government of. Thousands of German homes are divided on the question of allegiance to Hitler. The young people are uniformly for him, while many of the older people cannot bring themselves to bow to the opposition. Jews are no longer treated to physical violence as they were some time ago. The reason according to the speaker, is because their spirit is completely crushed. Hitler, he said, is a completely irreligious man, he has no use for Catholic or Protestant's or Freemasons he reasons these are groups that threaten his complete domination over the nation. Sunday services find most of the churches almost empty. It is not that the people have lost their faith, they are not there because they cannot be. Mr. Stevens said a friend is afraid to talk confidentially to a friend for fear of spying or betrayal. The Hitler salute is the prescribed form of greeting when two persons meet, whether they know one another or not they exchange the salute. Stevenson mentioned an incident where he and his sister, who accompanied him on his tour, were sitting in a little out-of-the-way park. It was a quiet place and there was no one about. As they sat there an old man shuffled by on a pathway near their bench. He looked at them but said nothing and passed on. A moment later he paused, turned around and walked back to the point where he had first viewed them on the bench. This time gave the salute and then went on his way.  

Time Machine Trip to March 1897

Hello Fellow Time Travelers,

Well it’s time to fire up the old “Time Machine Chair” and travel back in time to March of 1897.

For today’s trip Cyril “Bud” Klister will be sitting in the front seat operating the Time Machine.  The big wheel is spinning, the years are clicking back and in no time we are back on East Second Street on Kaukauna’s Southside.

·         William McKinley took the office as 25^th president of the United States.

·         Three people were shot at resort outside city limits.    

·         Fitzsimmons defeats Corbett for world’s boxing title.

Charles Raught – Kaukauna Times

Charlie has left the papers on the chair out front of the Times building. Let’s see what’s in the news this month.

Your old newsman – Lyle Hansen 

PS: My old friend Bob Driessen has passed into history.   

“My chains are gone I’ve been set free”.

March 5, 1897

Major William McKinley took the oath of office yesterday and became the 25^th President of the United States.

Tuesday brought another installment of snow. It seems as if we should enjoy several weeks of sledding after all. 

The Appleton City Council was not to be outdone by its Kaukauna neighbor and use the pruning knife even more vigorously than our council. The cut was almost 33% of the salaries of the past year and a result of it is that the city treasury will receive $800 instead of $1200 the clerk $800 instead of $1200 the Marshall $800 instead it of $1000 per year.

The last of John Brown's raiders are dead but the soul of old John is still marching on.

Last Wednesday morning while H. Greissman and Fred Whitmann were working on the elevator at Thilmany's mill when the elevator rope parted letting both men and a lot of paper down to this next floor a distance of 12 feet. Both were somewhat stunned by the fall but Greissman got up at once only suffering from a sprained leg. Whitmann, who was unconscious for a while, was removed to his home where he is still suffering from the effects of the fall.

 

March 12, 1897

Appleton, Menasha and Kaukauna sleigh riding parties all met at the farm residence of Jonathan Barker Friday evening and after indulging in an oyster supper, had a good time the balance of the evening.

Luther Lindauer has had a crew of men along the Ashland division this week putting up ice for the Northern-western.

Yes, another man has got it! Next year we will travel across the continent at the amazing burst of speed of 120 miles an hour. We are to ride as softly and comfortably as a baby rocked to sleep in its downy cradle. The inventor who believes that his device is the only practical means of traveling safely at high rates of speed. The invention has powerful electric motors on the axles of torpedo shape pointed cars. 

A number of the members of the Kaukauna gun club after quite a protracted vacation, assembled at the clubhouse on the Grignon flats last Saturday and put up a practice. The club will meet every Sunday and test their marksmanship to get in readiness for the spring duck hunting.

A crime has been committed at a notorious resort. Three persons shot, two fatally and the murderer gives himself up to justice. Mrs. Nellie Ross, 27, is dead, her sister Katie Dupree, mortally wounded and Fred Schabau, of Appleton is wounded. Such is a record that Peter Ross left in Kaukauna last Monday afternoon the atrocity of which he now reflects and will for years to come from behind bars. The crime was enacted at the notorious resort just north of the city limits known as Mrs. Beaulieu’s place.

March 19, 1897

A gentleman received a wedding invitation with the words "children not expected," written at the bottom.  He puzzled over it for some time and then said to a friend, "Well they may not expect any children, but dollars to dimes they will have them."

The paying a three-dollar bounty on Wildcats has been stopped by Brown County. It is claimed that the dead animals were being imported from the neighboring counties were no bounty is paid.

Carson City, Nevada, March 17 - Three special trains came in this morning from San Francisco bringing the last of the visitors. There are now 3000 to 4000 total strangers in town to view fight between James J. Corbett and Robert Fitzsimmons for the world's championship.  Fighting was fast and furious from the start.  It took 17 rounds to decide the superiority with Fitsimmons prevailing.

Holy cross schoolchildren enjoyed a sleigh ride around Wrightstown Monday.

March 26, 1897

Cream puffs filled with whipped cream on Wednesday and Saturday; fresh macaroons, filled fruit cakes, homemade chocolate creams and all kinds of fresh candies every day at Livermore & Sons City Bakery.